Development of silver fiber antibacterial functional knitted fabric

The development of silver fiber antibacterial functional knitted fabrics is based on the classification of antibacterial functional fabrics and the development of silver fibers. It is blended with 18.9tex cotton and X-StaticRXT2 silver staple fiber 90:10) combed yarn with 18.9tex combed cotton yarn and 2.22tex spandex, designed 3 kinds of weft flat antibacterial functional knitted fabric. The fabric weaving process, dyeing and finishing process, including fabric parameters, weaving points, refining, pre-formation, pre-treatment, dyeing, shaping, etc., are described in detail, and the antibacterial effect of the fabric is tested. The results show that the silver fiber antibacterial knitted fabric can still achieve more than 97% antibacterial effect against K. pneumoniae after 12 hours, and the fabric shrinkage rate is good; however, due to the long-term use of nano silver antibacterial materials, it will have adverse effects on the human body and the environment. Both producers and consumers must make rational choices. Key words: silver fiber; X-StaticR fiber; X-StaticRXT2 fiber; antibacterial property; weaving process With the improvement of living standards, people no longer stay in comfortable sportswear, soft touch, etc. The need for sex is also increasing, and functional fabrics are growing rapidly. People's sweating in different degrees in sports leads to the growth of bacteria on the fabric, which affects the health of the body. Therefore, the design and development of antibacterial functional fabrics has become a major trend in sportswear [1]. There are two kinds of antibacterial functional fabrics: one is to add antibacterial additives in the finishing process, but the fabrics with additives are usually poor in water washing performance, and the antibacterial function is decreased with the increase of the number of washings; the second is spinning. Silver fibers made of nano or micron-sized silver wire are added to the process, which is highly resistant to water washing. Functional fabrics developed with silver fiber are receiving increasing attention from manufacturers and consumers. 1 Silver fiber example 1.1 Silver rice fiber Domestic Tiannuo Photoelectric Material Co., Ltd. uses the physical vapor deposition method to produce silver rice healthy fiber, which is based on polyester and deposits metallic silver on the fiber surface in atomic form. The fiber is a protein molecule that utilizes free silver ions to bind to the bacterial surface, inhibits bacterial metabolism, and ultimately causes bacterial death to achieve broad-spectrum antibacterial purposes [2]. The fiber has the characteristics of antibacterial, deodorizing, safety and environmental protection, the production process does not pollute the environment, and the price is relatively cheap. 1.2X-StaticR fiber X-StaticR fiber is a kind of silver fiber developed by NobleBiomaterials Company of the United States. It is a silver layer with 99.9% purity on the surface of nylon fiber. It is not only the surface adhesion of silver, but Silver and fibers polymerize into a single individual that does not detach, and its performance does not diminish with use. After more than 10 years of research, X-StaticR fiber has been approved by the US Environmental Protection (EPA) and the United States Drug Administration (FDA) for the development of related products, while obtaining Oeko-Tex non-destructive human health confirmation. In addition, the Japanese Ministry of Health Also agree to use it as an antibacterial material. X-StaticR has strong antibacterial properties, fast onset, long lasting effect, safe and natural, but at a relatively high price. 1.3X-StaticRXT2 fiber X-taticRXT2 fiber is another kind of silver fiber developed by ObleBiomaterials Company of the United States after X-StaticR. It is a kind of sheath core structure fiber with polyester as the matrix and micron pure silver dispersed in the fiber surface layer. The fiber has a linear density of 0.16 tex and a length of 38 mm. The yarn can be dyed without metallic luster. Because it is non-continuous silver, it can not conduct electricity and is not antistatic. X-StaticRXT2 has antibacterial, deodorizing and dry functions. It can be washed 50 times and is relatively cheap. 2 Weaving Process 2.1 Raw Material Selection The application of antibacterial fiber to textile fabrics is to inhibit the growth of bacteria and provide health and safety for the human body. Therefore, silver fiber is very suitable for the development of personal leisure and sports fabric products. This paper uses 18.9tex (32S) cotton fiber) and X-StaticRXT2 staple fiber blended (90:10) combed yarn, and is equipped with 18.9tex combed cotton yarn and INVISTA 2.22tex (20D) produced by Yuanfang Industry Division. The spandex is woven and weaved with three weft jersey fabrics. The specifications of raw materials are as follows: 1.2.2 Equipment parameters Machine 4-needle single-sided large circular machine No. 26 needle/25.4mm barrel diameter 1#, 2# fabric is 762mm (30") 3# fabric is 813mm (32") total Needle number 1#, 2# fabric is 2472 stitches 3# fabric is 2640 stitches number 1#, 2# fabric is 96F3# fabric is 128F2.3 Note: The following aspects should be paid attention to during the weaving process: a. The antibacterial property of the fiber, the spacing of the X-StaticRXT2 fiber yarn during weaving should not exceed 5mm, and the yarn ratio exceeds 7%; b. minimize the oil stain on the needle, because the residue of the oil will have certain effect on the subsequent dyeing and finishing process. Effect; c. Silver fiber contains a certain amount of silver, which will cause certain damage to the knitting needle; d. After weaving, the yarn and the grey fabric need to be stored in a cool and dry place. In order to avoid pollutant pollution, it is necessary to use colored bags. Packaging; e. Minimize the time interval between the yarn and the fabric, the fabric to the finished product. 3 Dyeing and finishing process fabric dyeing and finishing process is as follows: grey cloth → retraction → predetermined shape → pre-treatment → dyeing → shaping. Because many chemical additives (such as sulfur compounds, waxy substances, silicone oils, etc.) will inhibit the release of silver in X-StaticRXT2, which will have a certain impact on the functionality of the fabric, so the fabric containing this fiber is not suitable for back. Repair (ie, re-injection after stripping and coloring), pay special attention to the dyeing and finishing process of this fiber. 3.1 Reinforced, pre-formed fabrics containing spandex should be first retracted and then pre-formed. After the refining process, impurities such as wax and oil stains on the fabric are initially removed. Otherwise, after the high temperature pre-formation, it is difficult to completely remove the oil stains generated during the spinning and weaving process in the later dyeing process. The specific method is as follows: firstly, the emulsified agent is tempered in a temperature of 90 ° C and 35 g / L, and then subjected to a predetermined shape at a high temperature of 195 ° C to ensure the dimensional stability of the fabric. 3.2 Pre-treatment In order to obtain a good dyeing effect, the fabric needs to be pre-treated to fully remove the cottonseed shell, waxy, oily and other impurities on the fabric. The specific method is: adding scouring agent, hydrogen peroxide, caustic soda and other auxiliary agents at room temperature, heating to 98 ° C at a rate of 3.0 ° C / min, treating for 30 min, and then cooling to 60 ° C at a rate of 1.5 ° C / min. Washed. Pretreatment formula and process conditions are as follows: scouring agent. 45g/L scouring emulsifier 1g/L hydrogen peroxide stabilizer 0.24g/L caustic soda 3g/L hydrogen peroxide 2.6g/L temperature 98°C time 30min dyeing fabrics that have been fully pretreated at 130°C, using two baths The method of dyeing is to dye the polyester-based X-StaticRXT2 for 30 min, and adjust the dye solution to acidity with glacial acetic acid. The temperature is lowered to 85 ° C for reduction and washing, then thoroughly washed; then washed with water. The fabric is dyed with a reactive dye at 40 ° C for 40 min. To ensure the uniformity of dyeing, the fixing base is added twice. After the dyeing is completed, the temperature is raised to 95 ° C for 10 minutes, and then the temperature is washed. The process curve of disperse dye dyed X-StaticRXT2 is shown in 1. For the dyeing process of reactive dyes, if the X-StaticRXT2 is dyed, the pH should be 3~12. Do not use strong alkali, chelating agent, strong oxidizing agent, sulfur compound, waxy substance, etc. Alkali or strong acid chemical additives, otherwise it will prevent the release of silver and affect the antibacterial properties of the fabric. 3.4 The shaping process after shaping and dyeing can eliminate some creases generated during the dyeing process and maintain a good dimensional stability and a smooth appearance of the finished product. Because the softener containing silicone oil can not be added when setting X-StaticRXT2, the applicable temperature is 20~200°C, and the holding time should not exceed 5min. Therefore, the final product is shaped without any softener, and it can be shaped directly by acid. The temperature was 140 ° C and the speed of the setting machine was 18 m/min. 4 fabrics refer to 3 finished fabrics (ie, after dyeing and shaping, before cutting pieces), see parameter 2. It can be seen from 2 that the consistency of the shrinkage of the three fabrics is between 5% and 8%. Because the main components of the three fabrics are cotton, the cotton tends to swell after being absorbed, and the shrinkage rate of the cotton is worse than that of the chemical fiber fabric. Therefore, the cotton fabric can be adjusted by the pre-shrinking machine, and the shrinkage rate is slightly adjusted, but the effect is not obvious. 5 Antibacterial performance test Antibacterial test adopts the standard ASTME2149 "Test method for antimicrobial activity of immobilized antibacterial agent under dynamic contact conditions". Antibacterial performance test results (ie inhibition of the inhibition rate of K. pneumoniae) are as follows: 1# fabric 98.34% 2 # fabric 97.97% 3 # fabric 97.20% from the test results, after 12h, 3 fabric pairs The antibacterial effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae can reach more than 97%. 6 Conclusion Nano-silver has strong inhibition and killing effect on dozens of pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Long-term use of nano-silver antibacterial will form silver deposits in living organisms, which will have adverse effects on organisms and human body. Silver volatilization into the environment will also have a certain impact on the ecology, such as killing the beneficial bacteria in the environment. 9fFQH2

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